Which science for which socialism? Practices and representations of science in European socialism

There exists a large body of literature that has highlighted the ties between science and socialism. This article aims at focusing on three configurations that account for this special relationship. Setting aside the idea that the history of the relationship between science and socialism is a succession of stages, each marked by different forms of scientific lucidity, three paradigms may though be identified: the first belongs to the physico-mathematical sphere, the second pertains to the natural sciences, the third almost conflates with sociology.