In France and in Europe, new laws that criminalize “fake news” and hate speech have sparked controversies for they are blamed for installing new mechanisms of private censorship of the Internet. Beyond the relationship between states and platforms, the issue of content regulation implicates a heterogeneity of actors, including media, activists, advertising agencies and Internet users, who develop their practices of regulation. This article aims to analyze the current controversies around content regulation in France, in order to understand how they influence the exercise of freedom of expression online.