This paper underlines the possibilities and the limits of new technologies in a context of deep transformation of the division of labor where autonomy, cooperation, and subjective involvement are customary. Through the notion of cognitive work, purposely created to characterize the various forms of individual commitment in their work, it highlights the ambivalence of the relationship to technology, conceived quite at the same time as a “device for action” and as an instrument of subjective control and behavior normalization. In conclusion, the paper details the main lines of a labor politics which would guarantee the conditions of a free development of subjectivity in the exercise of individual activities.